报道称：特朗普称 AI 担忧是“骗局”后，FTC 调查 Anthropic 和 OpenAI

英文标题：Report: FTC probes Anthropic, OpenAI after Trump dismissed AI fears as “hoax”

在 AI 模型测试期间发生入侵网站和攻破政府系统等事件后，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）已正式调查 Anthropic 与 OpenAI 是否造成消费者伤害。FTC 向两家公司发出民事调查要求，索取超过 50 页问题所涉及的材料，包括安全事故、内部安全措施及可能误导消费者的营销内容。调查还可能扩大至被 OpenAI 和 Anthropic Agent 锁定的第三方，并可能为 FTC 对两家公司提起诉讼提供证据。FTC 主席 Andrew Ferguson 强调，AI Agent 不应被视为独立行为者，开发和部署方应对聊天机器人造成的伤害承担责任。

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中文

在 AI 模型测试阶段接连发生入侵网站和攻破政府系统的事件后，一名内部人士向Axios透露，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）已正式就消费者伤害问题调查 Anthropic 和 OpenAI。

周三，FTC 向这两家 AI 公司发出了民事调查要求（civil investigative demands），索取与近期安全事件相关的大量信息。

FTC 未回应 Ars 提出的查阅传票要求的请求。不过，Axios 的消息人士称，这些要求包含超过 50 页的问题，并寻求获取与相关事件、公司采取的内部安全措施，以及可能表明消费者遭到误导的营销材料有关的文件。

Axios 的消息人士称，不久后，被 OpenAI 和 Anthropic Agent 锁定的第三方也将收到传票。若 FTC 决定就发布不安全产品起诉其中一家或两家公司，调查收集到的任何令人担忧的证据都可能支持 FTC 的诉讼。

OpenAI 已面临多起指控其造成消费者伤害的诉讼，其中包括将其聊天机器人与弑母、儿童自杀、校园枪击案及其他暴力事件联系起来的案件。本周，路透社报道，八个州还专门就消费者伤害问题起诉了 OpenAI。与提起诉讼的消费者一样，这些州认为 ChatGPT 会伤害儿童，并“强化妄想、鼓励危险行为，以及协助用户策划包括大规模枪击案在内的暴力活动”。

FTC 驳回 AI Agent 独立行动的说法

OpenAI 和 Anthropic 均未回应 Ars 就传票置评的请求，但 FTC 范围广泛的信息索取很可能在预期之内。

路透社在 9 月报道，这项调查即将展开，并指出负责调查上述事件的独立研究组织 METR 也可能收到传票。

同月，FTC 主席 Andrew Ferguson 向路透社表示，他认为企业应当为聊天机器人造成的伤害承担责任。当时，Ferguson 强调，他已经厌倦了人们将 AI 工具拟人化。他坚持认为：“如果有人让一个工具去做某件事，而该工具照做了，我不认为我们会说，‘哦，我们该如何处理这个工具？’”

English / 原文

Following a string of incidents where AI models hacked websites and breached government systems during testing phases, the Federal Trade Commission is officially probing Anthropic and OpenAI over consumer harms, an insider told Axios.

On Wednesday, the FTC sent out civil investigative demands seeking a wide range of information from the AI firms on recent safety incidents.

The FTC did not respond to Ars’ request to review the subpoena demands. However, Axios’ source said the requests spanned more than 50 pages of questions and sought documents related to the incidents, internal security measures taken, and marketing materials that may suggest consumers were misled.

Soon, third parties targeted by OpenAI and Anthropic agents will also be subpoenaed, Axios’ source said. Any concerning evidence gathered may support FTC litigation, should the FTC decide to sue either or both firms for releasing unsafe products.

OpenAI already faces lawsuits alleging consumer harms, including lawsuits linking its chatbot to matricide, child suicide, school shootings, and other violence. And this week, a group of eight states specifically sued OpenAI over consumer harms, Reuters reported. Like consumers suing, they argued that ChatGPT harms children and “reinforces delusions, encourages dangerous behavior, and assists users in planning violence like mass shootings.”

FTC rejects claims AI agents act independently

OpenAI and Anthropic did not respond to Ars’ request to comment on the subpoenas, but the FTC’s expansive info requests were likely expected.

In September, Reuters reported that the probe was coming, noting that an independent research group investigating the incidents, METR, would likely also be subpoenaed.

That same month, FTC Chair Andrew Ferguson told Reuters that he thinks that companies should be liable for chatbot harms. At that time, Ferguson emphasized that he was tired of people anthropomorphizing AI tools. He insisted that, “if someone tells a tool to do something, and the tool does it, I don’t think we would say, ‘Oh, what do we do about the tool?’”