美国下令联邦机构全面从系统中清除中国 DeepSeek AI 及相关第三方服务

据美国国土安全部消息，出于对中国 AI 初创公司 DeepSeek 在华业务所引发的国家安全担忧，美国已命令联邦民事机构停止采购由其开发的服务与产品，并将其从政府 IT 系统中移除。该命令的范围不仅限于禁止 DeepSeek 自身的产品，还覆盖了基于 DeepSeek 技术构建的第三方产品和服务，不过各机构仍可申请豁免。

该命令指出，美国国土安全部对 DeepSeek 处理用户数据的方式提出了担忧，并警告称，根据中国相关法律，美国政府用户的敏感信息可能潜在地会被中国当局获取。

此举正值美中两国在 AI 领域的科技竞争日益白热化之际。这家中国 AI 公司凭借低成本的开源权重（open-weight）模型，正在向包括 OpenAI 和 Meta 在内的美国竞争对手发起挑战。

中国方面对美方的举动表示反对。据官方简报显示，中国外交部发言人毛宁在周二表示，中方反对“泛化国家安全概念、将经贸科技问题政治化”。发言人补充道：“我们将坚决维护中国企业的正当合法权益。”

美国此前已采取步骤限制 DeepSeek 在政府系统中的使用。2025 年 12 月通过的一项法律专门针对其在情报机构国家安全系统中的应用。而最新的这道命令将限制延伸至联邦民事机构，同时涵盖了新采购项目及现有的 IT 系统。

与此同时，据彭博社上周报道，中国据称正在考虑对包括芯片设计和特定先进 AI 模型在内的 23 项 AI 相关技术实施出口限制，以应对安全和滥用风险。

自 2025 年 1 月其 R1 推理模型颠覆 AI 行业并引发英伟达股价大幅下挫以来，这家中国 AI 实验室便一直面临来自全球多个国家政府与监管机构的严格审查。

根据 9 月发布的一份报告，美国指控 DeepSeek 以及包括阿里巴巴和月之暗面（Moonshot AI）在内的其他五家中国 AI 企业利用大规模模型蒸馏（model distillation）手段，从美国 AI 系统中提取信息。

此外，OpenAI 和 Anthropic 也分别就 DeepSeek 据称使用模型蒸馏技术的行为表达了担忧。模型蒸馏是一种利用某个 AI 模型的输出结果来训练另一个模型的技术。今年早些时候，OpenAI 告知美国国会议员，其观察到了 DeepSeek 疑似试图蒸馏其模型的行为；而 Anthropic 则表示，已发现 DeepSeek 与其他中国 AI 实验室未经授权尝试收集 Claude 输出数据的行为。

The U.S. has ordered federal civilian agencies to stop purchasing services and products developed by Chinese AI startup DeepSeek and remove them from government IT systems over national security concerns tied to the Chinese AI startup’s operations in China, according to the Department of Homeland Security. The order goes beyond banning DeepSeek’s own product, and covers third-party products and services built using DeepSeek technology, though agencies can request exceptions.

The DHS raised concerns about DeepSeek’s handling of user data, warning that sensitive information from U.S. government users could potentially be accessible to Chinese authorities under Chinese law, the order said.

The move comes amid intensifying tech competition in AI between the U.S. and China. The Chinese AI model challenges its U.S. rivals, including OpenAI and Meta, with low-cost open-weight models.

China pushed back against the U.S.’s move. Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said Tuesday that Beijing opposes “overstretching the concept of national security and politicizing technology and trade issues,” according to an official briefing. “We will resolutely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises,” the spokesperson added.

The U.S. has already taken steps to limit DeepSeek’s use in government. A law passed in December 2025 targeted its use in intelligence’s national security systems. The latest order extends the restrictions to federal civilian agencies, covering both new purchases and existing IT systems.

Meanwhile, China is reportedly considering export restrictions on 23 AI-related technologies, including chip designs and certain advanced AI models, to address security and misuse risks, Bloomberg reported last week.

The Chinese AI lab has faced scrutiny from governments and regulators across the globe since its R1 reasoning model shook the AI industry in January 2025, triggering a sharp sell-off of Nvidia shares.

The U.S. accused DeepSeek and five other Chinese AI companies, including Alibaba and Moonshot AI, of using large-scale model distillation to extract information from American AI systems, according to a September report.

In addition, OpenAI and Anthropic have separately raised concerns about DeepSeek’s alleged use of model distillation, a technique that uses outputs from one AI model to train another. Earlier this year, OpenAI told U.S. lawmakers it had observed suspected attempts by DeepSeek to distill its models, while Anthropic said it had identified unauthorized attempts by DeepSeek and other Chinese AI labs to collect outputs from Claude.