美国政府网站曾使用被 FBI 称为“恶意”的中国模型

越来越依赖开源模型的许多企业主敦促特朗普政府不要限制对中国模型的访问。中国则否认有关复制前沿模型的指控，并呼吁美国倾听本国商业界的声音，否则美国可能面临进一步的经济劣势。

今年 3 月，为国会开展并提交给美中经济与安全审查委员会的政策研究指出，美国可能已经处于不利地位，因为其过度专注于维持在前沿 AI 领域的领先地位，却未能推进自身的开源生态系统。与此同时，中国认识到这一缺口，并着手填补它。

正如研究人员所解释的：

美国的出口管制旨在通过限制获取先进半导体来约束前沿模型训练。这些措施并未覆盖小模型的部署周期；后者所需的计算能力较低，依托公开可用的基础模型，并通过应用而非预训练来创造优势。如果对工业 AI 最重要的模型是小型、专用且开源的模型，那么美国当前的政策框架可能瞄准了竞争中的错误层级。

Nvidia、Meta 等公司已承诺帮助美国迎头赶上。研究人员警告称，如果美国将广泛的用户基础拱手让给中国，可能会削弱美国“制定未来多年 AI 发展所遵循的技术标准和规范的能力”。一些国会议员担心，全球领导地位的丧失可能损害国家安全和美国经济。

据路透社报道，众议院中国问题特别委员会主席、密歇根州共和党联邦众议员约翰·穆勒纳尔（John Moolenaar）持强硬立场，认为“任何联邦政府实体都不应使用中国 AI 模型”。

穆勒纳尔表示：“这样做只会让联邦政府更加依赖中国 AI 模型，而这不符合国家利益。”

Many business owners who increasingly rely on open source models have urged the Trump administration not to restrict access to Chinese models. And China, which has dismissed accusations of frontier model copying, has called on the US to listen to its business community or else risk putting the US at a further economic disadvantage.

Policy research conducted for Congress and submitted to the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission in March suggested that the US may already be at a disadvantage because it focused too heavily on maintaining a lead in frontier AI while failing to advance its own open source ecosystem. In the meantime, China recognized this gap and moved to fill it.

As researchers explained:

US export controls are calibrated to constrain frontier training by restricting access to advanced semiconductors. They do not address the small-model deployment cycle, which requires less advanced compute, draws on openly available base models, and generates advantage through application rather than pre-training. If the models that matter most for industrial AI are small, specialized, and open, the current US policy framework could be targeting the wrong layer of the competition.

Companies like Nvidia and Meta have vowed to help the US catch up. Researchers have warned that if the US loses a broad user base to China, it could set back America’s “ability to set the technical standards and norms that will govern AI development for years to come.” And that loss of global leadership could harm national security and the US economy, some in Congress fear.

US Rep. John Moolenaar (R-Mich.), who chairs the House China Committee, has taken a hard stance, maintaining that “no federal government entity should use a Chinese AI model,” Reuters reported.

“Doing so only ⁠makes the federal government more dependent on Chinese AI models, and that is not in the national interest,” Moolenaar said.