摘要： 背景：《伏尼契手稿》是一部创作于 15 世纪、以未知文字书写的抄本，其内容至今尚未被破译。此前研究表明，其统计特性与自然语言相似，而其中的插图——主要是植物——则令人联想到中世纪草药书。
**方法：**我们基于一份新近转写的语料库，提出了一项多学科分析，结合概率建模、语音分解、罕见事件检测和多模态图像分析。研究使用依赖位置的概率语法对词级和字母级分布进行建模，同时在印欧语系、闪米特语系及亚洲语言之间比较语音模式。我们还应用基于大语言模型的图文对齐方法，以识别潜在的植物学对应关系。
**结果：**结果表明，伏尼契符号的行为更像字母而非音节单位，而词长分布则类似音节结构。语音分析显示，相较于印欧语言，其与希伯来语或阿拉伯语等辅音占比较高的语言具有更紧密的一致性。概率建模复现了类似 Zipf 定律的分布，并揭示重复词首字母序列的概率极低，这表明文本是对自然语言进行结构化模仿的结果。图像分析显示，伏尼契植物插图与地中海传统《伪阿普列乌斯草药书》中的植物图之间存在较强对应关系，这与其模仿中世纪药物书的判断相一致。
**展望：**这些发现支持如下假说：《伏尼契手稿》遵循一个结合语言规律与草药知识的结构化生成系统；同时也证明，将概率方法与 AI 辅助方法整合起来，对于分析历史手稿具有重要价值。

Abstract:Background: The Voynich Manuscript is a fifteenth-century codex written in an unknown script whose content remains undeciphered. Previous studies suggest that its statistical properties resemble those of natural languages, while its illustrations - primarily plants - recall medieval herbals.
Methods: We present a multidisciplinary analysis combining probabilistic modeling, phonetic decomposition, rare-event detection, and multimodal image analysis, based on a newly transliterated corpus. Word- and letter-level distributions are modeled using position-dependent probabilistic grammars, while phonetic patterns are compared across Indo-European, Semitic, and Asian languages. Image-text alignment methods based on large language models are applied to identify potential botanical correspondences.
Results: The results indicate that Voynich symbols behave as letters rather than syllabic units, while word-length distributions resemble syllabic structures. Phonetic analyses show closer alignment with consonant-heavy languages such as Hebrew or Arabic than with Indo-European languages. Probabilistic modeling reproduces Zipf-like distributions and reveals extremely low probabilities for repeated initial-letter sequences, indicating a structured imitation of natural language. Image analysis suggests strong correspondences between Voynich plant illustrations and those found in Pseudo-Apuleius herbals from the Mediterranean tradition, consistent with an imitation of medieval medicinal books.
Perspectives: These findings support the hypothesis that the Voynich Manuscript follows a structured generative system combining linguistic regularities and herbal knowledge, and demonstrate the value of integrating probabilistic and AI-assisted approaches in the analysis of historical manuscripts.